〜ずにすむ (~zu ni sumu) — get by without having to ~

The relief of 'phew!' when you get by without doing something you feared you'd have to do.

Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)

Vない [ない] + ずに + すむ

する → せ + ずに + すむ

Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)

When to use it

Your tooth hurt and you went to the dentist, afraid it would have to come out. But the dentist said medicine would fix it: 「抜かずにすんだ」— 'I didn't have to have it pulled, phew!'
It is common in notices and emails.

Meaning

The relief when a problem is solved without the hassle, cost or pain you thought you'd have to go through is what 「〜ずにすむ」gives.
It usually appears as 「すんだ」(it worked out, phew) or 「すみます」(you won't need to), with a reason before it: 〜おかげで・〜ので・〜ば.

How to attach

Drop 「ない」from the ない-form and add 「ずに」+ 「すむ」: 払わずにすむ・行かずにすむ
「する」becomes 「せずに」: 心配せずにすむ

Versus what you know

N3It means the same as 「〜ないですむ」「〜なくてすむ」; 「ずに」sounds a bit stiffer and more written.

Watch out

The action must be an unwanted burden you thought you'd have to do — not something fun you wanted to do.
Add 「は」to make 「〜ずにはすまない」and the meaning flips — 'you can't get away without doing it'.

Examples (उदाहरणहरू)

早めに薬を飲んだおかげで、仕事を休まずにすんだ。

はやめにくすりをのんだおかげで、しごとをやすまずにすんだ。

Thanks to taking medicine early, I got by without having to miss work.

How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 薬を飲んだおかげで = thanks to taking medicine (the reason) → 休む → ない-form: 休まない → drop 「ない」: 休ま → 「ずにすんだ」 = didn't have to take time off — what a relief.

保険に入っていたので、治療費の心配をせずにすんだ。

ほけんにはいっていたので、ちりょうひのしんぱいをせずにすんだ。

Because I had insurance, I didn't have to worry about the medical bills.

How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 保険に入っていた = I had insurance (the reason) → 心配をする → する becomes 「せ」: 心配をせ → 「ずにすんだ」 = didn't have to worry.

マイナンバーカードがあれば、区役所に行かずにすみます。

マイナンバーカードがあれば、くやくしょにいかずにすみます。

If you have a My Number card, you won't need to go to the ward office.

How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) カードがあれば = if you have the card (a condition) → 行く → 行かない → drop 「ない」: 行か → 「ずにすみます」 = you won't need to go (polite notice language).

Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)

Question: 1/3

「同僚が代わってくれたので、残業＿＿＿すんだ。」— fill the blank.

💡 Hint: What does 「する」become before 「ず」?