〜いかんだ (~ikan da) — it all depends on ~ (formal)
The outcome is not decided yet — it hangs on one thing. A stiff, formal way to say so.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
When to use it
- Say your manager tells a meeting: 'Whether this new shop survives depends entirely on the staff's service.'
- It is stiff and formal — speeches, news, company documents and essays. With a friend, just say 「次第」.
Meaning
- When you mean 'the outcome is still open, and this is what will decide it', you use 「〜いかんだ」.
- Before it usually comes 「〜かどうかは」or 「〜は」— the outcome not yet decided.
How to attach
- Straight after a noun (努力いかんだ), or with 「の」(努力のいかんだ)
- It can also sit mid-sentence: 「いかんで、〜が決まる」
- The noun must be something that can vary in degree or kind: 結果・努力・対応・態度・考え方
Versus what you know
N2The meaning is exactly that of 「〜次第だ」(「合格できるかどうかは努力次第だ」), but 「いかんだ」is stiffer and more formal.
Watch out
It is not used for a single fixed fact like 'today is Thursday'.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
合格できるかどうかは、これからの努力いかんだ。
ごうかくできるかどうかは、これからのどりょくいかんだ。
Whether you can pass depends on your effort from now on.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 合格できるかどうか = whether you can pass or not (not known yet) → 「は」 makes it the topic → 努力 = effort (could be little or a lot) → attach 「いかんだ」 directly = it depends on that.
契約を続けるかどうかは、来月の売り上げいかんです。
けいやくをつづけるかどうかは、らいげつのうりあげいかんです。
Whether we continue the contract depends on next month's sales.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 契約を続けるかどうか = whether to continue the contract or not → 売り上げ = sales (could be high or low) → 「いかんです」 = 'it depends on that', in polite, formal company language.
この店が生き残れるかどうかは、店長の考え方いかんだ。
このみせがいきのこれるかどうかは、てんちょうのかんがえかたいかんだ。
Whether this shop can survive depends on the manager's way of thinking.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 生き残れる = can survive → 〜かどうかは = whether it survives or not (the result is open) → 考え方 = way of thinking (differs from person to person) → 「いかんだ」 = that is what decides the result.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
「この計画が実現するかどうかは、社長の判断＿＿＿。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint: Does anything go between the noun and いかんだ?
N + いかんだ (の is optional). 判断いかんだ = it depends on the decision.
In which sentence is 「いかんだ」unnatural?
💡 Hint: Can the noun actually change the outcome?
いかんだ needs something that can vary and decides the outcome. A calendar does not decide what day it is — that is a fixed fact.
Talking casually with a friend, which is the natural way to say 'it depends on your effort'?
💡 Hint: Where does いかんだ belong — speeches or chats?
Same meaning, but いかんだ is the stiff language of speeches, news and documents. With a friend, 「次第だ」is natural.
Your score: /3