受身形（2グループ） (ukemikei (2 guruupu)) — Passive form — Group 2
The form for something being done to you by someone else — Group 2.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Select a verb (विवरण हेर्न क्रिया चयन गर्नुहोस्)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
Group 2 (ru-verbs) needs no sound change. From the ます form, drop ます and add られる: 食べます → 食べ → 食べられる, ほめます → ほめ → ほめられる. The big trap is here — the Group 2 passive looks exactly like the potential form (可能形) from Lesson 2: 食べられます can mean "I can eat it" and also "someone ate it on me". The sentence tells them apart — if に marks a person, it is passive (弟に 食べられました); if the talk is about being able or not, it is potential (全部 食べられます). In Group 1 the two forms do look different: 読める (potential) and 読まれる (passive).
Step-by-step breakdown (चरणबद्ध रूपान्तरण)
- 1 ます form: たべます (Tabemasu)
- 2 drop ます: たべ (Tabe) no sound change
- 3 add られる: たべ + られる = たべられる (Taberareru) looks like the potential
- 1 ます form: ほめます (Homemasu)
- 2 drop ます: ほめ (Home) no sound change
- 3 add られる: ほめ + られる = ほめられる (Homerareru)
- 1 ます form: みます (Mimasu)
- 2 drop ます: み (Mi) no sound change
- 3 add られる: み + られる = みられる (Mirareru)
- 1 ます form: わすれます (Wasuremasu)
- 2 drop ます: わすれ (Wasure) no sound change
- 3 add られる: わすれ + られる = わすれられる (Wasurerareru)
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
Question: 1/3What is the passive form of 「開けます」(to open)?
💡 Hint: Drop ます and add られる.
開けます → 開け → 開け + られる = 開けられる. 開かれる comes from 開きます (Group 1) instead.
Which sentence says "my little brother ate my cake on me"?
💡 Hint: In the passive, the person who did it is marked with に.
弟に ケーキを 食べられました — に marks a person, so it is passive. 弟が is wrong: the doer needs に. Without that に, 食べられます reads as the potential "can eat".
In Group 2 the potential and the passive look exactly the same. In Group 1 they differ — which is the passive of 「読みます」?
💡 Hint: 読める is the potential form.
Group 1: 読む → 読まれる (passive) and 読める (potential) — two different forms. In Group 2 both are 食べられる, so the sentence has to tell them apart.
Your score: /3