〜ずにはすまない (~zu ni wa sumanai) — must ~ (it won't be accepted otherwise)
Given the situation or social rules, the matter won't be settled without ~ — you simply have to do it.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
When to use it
At work you lost an important document from a client. You'd like to hide it, but deep down you know: 「部長に報告せずにはすまない」— 'I can't get away without telling the manager.'
Meaning
- In lesson 14 you learned 「〜ずにすむ」— 'got by without doing it, phew'. Add 「は」and 「ない」and the meaning flips: 「〜ずにはすまない」= the matter won't be settled without ~, nobody will let it go, so you have to do it.
- The reason is not your own heart but the outside situation or common social rules.
How to attach
- To attach it, drop the 「ない」of the ない-form and add 「ずにはすまない」(謝らずにはすまない); 「する」becomes 「せず」(報告せずにはすまない).
- In speech you also hear 「〜ないではすまない」.
- About someone else it usually comes with 「だろう」: 「社長は辞任せずにはすまないだろう」.
Versus what you know
- N3It is close to the 「〜ないわけにはいかない」, but it sounds stiffer and more written, and it carries the weight of 'if you don't, there will be consequences'.
- N2Don't confuse it with the 「〜ずにはいられない」(泣かずにはいられない) — that is doing something because you can't hold back your own feelings.
Watch out
The key rule: it isn't used for something you want to do out of your own wish or feeling — you can't say 「おいしくて食べずにはすまない」.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
大切な書類をなくしたのだから、部長に報告せずにはすまない。
たいせつなしょるいをなくしたのだから、ぶちょうにほうこくせずにはすまない。
I lost an important document, so I can't get away without reporting it to the manager.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 書類をなくした = I lost a document (the situation) → 報告する = to report → turn 「する」 into 「せ」 → attach 「ずにはすまない」 = it can't be settled without reporting it.
大家さんにはずいぶん迷惑をかけたから、謝りに行かずにはすまない。
おおやさんにはずいぶんめいわくをかけたから、あやまりにいかずにはすまない。
I caused the landlord a lot of trouble, so I have to go and apologize.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 迷惑をかけた = caused trouble (social rules say you must apologize) → 行く → 行かない → drop 「ない」: 行か → 「ずにはすまない」 = I have to go and apologize.
会社に大きな損害を出した以上、社長は責任を取らずにはすまないだろう。
かいしゃにおおきなそんがいをだしたいじょう、しゃちょうはせきにんをとらずにはすまないだろう。
Having caused the company a huge loss, the president will surely have to take responsibility.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 損害を出した以上 = since a loss was caused → 取る → 取らない → 取ら → 「ずにはすまない」 = there's no getting away without taking responsibility → it's about someone else, so 「だろう」 (probably) is added → news language.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
「上司の車に傷をつけてしまった。弁償__にはすまない。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint: What is the 「ず」form of 「する」?
する → せず. 弁償せずにはすまない = I can't get away without paying for it. The other forms don't exist.
In which sentence is 「ずにはすまない」unnatural?
💡 Hint: Is the reason a social rule, or your own feelings?
Crying at a film is not being able to hold back your own feelings — that's 「泣かずにはいられない」. ずにはすまない is only for things the situation or social rules force on you.
'My mistake cost the client money — I have to apologise.' Which fits?
💡 Hint: With and without 「は」the meaning flips.
謝らずにはすまない = I have to apologise. 謝らずにすんだ = I didn't have to (relief), 謝らずじまいだった = I never ended up apologising, 謝るまでもない = no need to apologise at all.
Your score: /3