Lesson 22
Feeling & compulsion: can't help / will surely
- 1 〜てやまない ~te yamanai (I) never stop ~ing / truly, deeply ~ A deep wish, love or respect that never fades — the formal form of speeches and letters.
- 2 〜に堪えない ~ni taenai (I am) deeply ~ / overwhelmed with ~ Thanks, joy or sorrow so great it can't be held in — the language of ceremonies and formal statements.
- 3 〜ずにはすまない ~zu ni wa sumanai must ~ (it won't be accepted otherwise) Given the situation or social rules, the matter won't be settled without ~ — you simply have to do it.
- 4 〜ずにはおかない ~zu ni wa okanai will surely ~ / cannot fail to ~ Something is so powerful it is sure to affect people — or a firm vow: 'I won't let it rest until ~'.
- 5 〜を禁じ得ない ~o kinjienai can't help feeling ~ Seeing or hearing about something, anger, tears or pity rise on their own and can't be held back — stiff, written style.
- 6 〜(ら)れる ~(ra)reru (it) comes to mind / is felt naturally Looks just like the passive, but nobody does anything to you — a memory or feeling simply rises in your mind.
- 7 〜させられる ~saserareru can't help feeling ~ (something makes you) Someone's work, a film or an event stirs a feeling or thought in you — 'it made me feel ~'.
- 8 〜てはかなわない ~te wa kanawanai if ~, it's unbearable / I can't stand ~ If this annoying situation keeps up, I just can't take it — an everyday grumble.
Lesson check
All 8 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
🔒
「本日はお忙しい中お集まりいただき、感謝＿＿。」 — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:At a ceremony — gratitude too deep to hold in.
感謝に堪えません = I can't contain my gratitude. 「ずにはおかない」is for a cause's power or a vow, 「させられる」for a feeling stirred by something outside, and 「てはかなわない」only for complaining about something irritating.
「事故で家族を失った人の話を聞き、＿＿。」 — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Tears came by themselves on hearing of someone's grief.
涙を禁じ得なかった = I couldn't hold back my tears. 「てやまない」is for a lasting wish or love, 「ずにはすまない」for a duty society imposes, and 「てはかなわない」only for complaints.
「この映画は、見る人を感動させ＿＿。」 — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The subject is the film — a cause that is sure to have an effect.
感動させずにはおかない = it is sure to move people. 「ずにはすまない」is a social duty on a person, 「てはかなわない」is a complaint, and 「に堪えない」only follows a feeling noun.
「大切な会議に遅刻したのだから、部長に謝ら＿＿。」 — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The situation says 'you have to apologise'.
謝らずにはすまない = I have to apologise. 「ずにはおかない」is for a cause affecting others or a vow, 「謝られる」= someone apologises to me (the opposite), and 「てやまない」joins the て-form and is only for wishes.
「この歌を聞くと、ふるさとの母のことが思い出＿＿。」 — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:After 「が」, the memory comes by itself.
思い出される = the memory comes by itself, hence 「母のことが」. 「ずにはすまない」is a duty, 「てはかなわない」a complaint, 「てやまない」a lasting wish — none of them fits 思い出す with 「が」.
「彼の努力する姿には、いつも考え＿＿。」 — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:「には」marks an outside cause — it makes me think.
考えさせられる = his hard work makes me think. With 「(ら)れる」the feeling rises from inside and doesn't take an outside cause with 「には」; 「ずにはおかない」speaks from the cause's side; 「てやまない」is only for lasting feelings like 願う・愛する.
「隣の工事の音が、こう毎日うるさく＿＿。」 — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:'Every day like this…' — a grumble about something irritating.
うるさくてはかなわない = I can't stand this noise every day. 「てやまない」is for good lasting feelings, 「に堪えない」follows a feeling noun, and 「ずにはすまない」only joins the ない-form.
「卒業生の皆さんが、それぞれの道で活躍することを願って＿＿。」 — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The end of a speech — a heartfelt wish that never fades.
願ってやみません = I wish it from my heart, always. 「てはかなわない」is a complaint and needs 「は」, 「に堪えない」follows a noun with 「に」, and 「すみません」makes no sense here.
Your score: /8