〜に照らして (~ni terashite) — in light of / judged against
Holding something up against a yardstick — law, rules, experience — to judge right or wrong.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
When to use it
- Someone at work made a serious mistake. The manager says: 「就業規則に照らして処分を決めます」— 'we will decide the penalty by checking it against the company rules.'
- It is formal language — news, courts, company decisions.
Meaning
「照らす」means to shine a light on. The feeling is: place the case in the light of a yardstick (law, rules, common sense, your own experience), look at it, and judge 'right or wrong, does it fit or not'.
How to attach
Attach N + 「に照らして」, and before a noun 「に照らした N」; 「に照らすと」「に照らせば」are also common.
Versus what you know
- The difference from the previous 「〜に即して」: 即して makes your own action or plan fit reality; 照らして checks something by comparing it with a standard.
- N2「〜に基づいて」(データに基づいて) only shows the basis; 照らして adds the act of comparing.
Watch out
- The key rule: what follows is usually a judgment or evaluation (判断する・考える・明らかだ・問題がある)
- An ordinary action like 「法律に照らして料理を作った」doesn't fit, and only something that can be a yardstick goes in front — not a person like a friend.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
彼の行為は、会社の規則に照らして厳しく処分された。
かれのこういは、かいしゃのきそくにてらしてきびしくしょぶんされた。
Judged against the company rules, his conduct was severely punished.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 会社の規則 = company rules (the standard) → 「に照らして」 = measuring against them → then the decision: 厳しく処分された = was severely punished.
自分の経験に照らして考えると、その計画は少し無理がある。
じぶんのけいけんにてらしてかんがえると、そのけいかくはすこしむりがある。
Judging from my own experience, that plan is a bit unrealistic.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 自分の経験 = my own experience → 「に照らして」 = measuring against it → 考えると = when I think about it → then the assessment: 無理がある = it's a bit unrealistic.
専門家は、過去のデータに照らした判断が必要だと話した。
せんもんかは、かこのデータにてらしたはんだんがひつようだとはなした。
The expert said that judgments need to be made in light of past data.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 過去のデータ = past data → a noun (判断) follows, so 「に照らした」 → データに照らした判断 = a judgment made by checking against the data → 必要だと話した = said it is necessary.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
「法律に＿＿、彼の行為は違法だと言える。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint: A comma and a clause follow, not a noun.
N + に照らして + judgment. 法律に照らして = judged against the law. 「照らした」only goes before a noun; 「照らされて」and 「照らすの」don't fit here.
In which sentence is 「に照らして」unnatural?
💡 Hint: A yardstick in front and a judgment after — are both there?
A friend is not a yardstick, and planning a trip is not a judgment. Say 「友達と相談して」.
「会社の現状＿＿新しい制度を作った。」— which is right?
💡 Hint: Making something fit reality, or checking against a yardstick?
現状に即した制度 = a system that fits the current situation. 照らす compares to judge, it doesn't build anything; 「を即した」has the wrong particle.
Your score: /3