Lesson 29
Formal particles: by / from / that / or so
- 1 〜にて ~nite at / by / with (formal で) The formal で — the word of notices, letters, announcements and ceremonies.
- 2 〜より ~yori from (formal から) The formal から — the notice word for a starting time, a place, or a sender.
- 3 〜とて ~tote even (a ~) / even if A stiff, written 'even' — 'that one is no exception either'.
- 4 〜やら ~yara some ~ or other (who knows what / who / where) Like 「何か」「誰か」, but with a touch of mystery: 'I can't tell exactly what'.
- 5 〜との ~to no (a message / report) that ~ The formal 「という」for the content of a message, notice or instruction.
- 6 〜や ~ya one or two / a few ~ 「一人や二人」— a small number, said with the feeling 'that's nothing special'.
Lesson check
All 6 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
🔒
「新製品の発表会は、東京本社＿＿行います。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The place of an event, in a formal notice.
N + にて = formal で: 東京本社にて = at the Tokyo head office. 「とて」is 'even', 「やら」'some ~ or other', and 「との」needs a message noun after it.
「健康診断の受付は、午前九時＿＿開始いたします。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:A starting time — the formal から.
N + より = formal から: 九時より開始 = starting from nine. None of the other three marks a starting time.
「ベテランの職人＿＿、失敗することはある。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:'Even a veteran craftsman' — no exception.
N + とて = even N: 職人とて失敗することはある = even a veteran craftsman makes mistakes. 「にて」is place/means, 「より」'from/than', 「との」message content — none fits.
「玄関で、＿＿が私の名前を呼んでいる。」— 'someone or other': fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Question word + 'who knows'.
Question word + やら = someone or other: 誰やらが呼んでいる = someone or other is calling. 「とて」「にて」「との」don't attach to a question word like this.
「部長から、会議を来週に延期する＿＿メールが届いた。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:What did the email say?
Sentence + との + N = 'an N saying ~': 延期するとのメール = an email saying it will be postponed. 「とて」'even if', 「やら」'some ~ or other', 「より」'from' — none connects to メール here.
「ミスの＿＿で、そんなに落ち込むな。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:'One or two mistakes' — no big deal.
Number + counter + や + next number = one or two: ミスの一つや二つ = one or two mistakes. The other links (とて・より・にて) make no sense between numbers.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:What kind of noun follows 「との」?
との is followed only by a word for speech or information (連絡・知らせ・指示); for a sound, say 「ベルが鳴る音」. The other three are fine: にて (place), より (from), とて (I'm no exception).
'Even if you run now, you won't make the last train' — which is right?
💡 Hint:Vた + 'even if (it's no use)'.
Vた + とて = even if: 走ったとて間に合わない = even if you run, you won't make it. 「より」is 'from/than', 「やら」'some ~ or other', and 「との」needs a noun after it.
Your score: /8