〜及び〜 (~ oyobi ~) — and (in forms and rules)
The 'and' of forms, rules and the news — the formal, on-paper 「と」.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
When to use it
On a visa renewal form or an immigration notice you will read: 「申請の際は、在留カード及びパスポートをお持ちください」.
Meaning
- Many people freeze the first time they see the kanji 「及び」, but it reads 「および」and the meaning is simple: 'and' — like 'tathā' in Nepali official papers.
- In other words it does the job of 「と」, in the formal language of forms, rules, contracts and the news.
How to attach
- Put 「及び」between two nouns; with three or more, separate the earlier ones with 、 and put 「及び」only right before the last (氏名、住所及び電話番号).
- When several groups are joined, the bigger groups are linked with 「並びに」— also 'and', one level up.
Versus what you know
N5It differs from the 「や」you learned at the very start: 「や」says 'these and others too' (an open list), while 「及び」says 'exactly these' — so on an official paper you must bring both things joined by 「及び」.
Watch out
The key rule: it is a written word — ordering at a café you say 「紅茶とケーキ」, never 「及び」.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
申請の際は、在留カード及びパスポートをお持ちください。
しんせいのさいは、ざいりゅうカードおよびパスポートをおもちください。
When applying, please bring your residence card and passport.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 申請の際は = when applying → 在留カード = residence card → 「及び」= and → パスポート = passport → をお持ちください = please bring — you need both.
氏名、住所及び電話番号を、下の欄にご記入ください。
しめい、じゅうしょおよびでんわばんごうを、したのらんにごきにゅうください。
Please fill in your name, address and phone number in the box below.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 氏名、住所 = name, address (separated by 、) → 「及び」 only before the last item → 電話番号 = phone number → 下の欄にご記入ください = please write in the box below.
今回の地震による住宅及び道路の被害は、現在も調査中だ。
こんかいのじしんによるじゅうたくおよびどうろのひがいは、げんざいもちょうさちゅうだ。
The damage to houses and roads from this earthquake is still being investigated.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 今回の地震による = caused by this earthquake → 住宅 = houses → 「及び」= and → 道路 = roads → の被害は = the damage to → 現在も調査中だ = still under investigation (news language).
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
「氏名、生年月日＿＿国籍を記入してください。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint: The word that joins two nouns with 'and'.
N + 及び + N: 生年月日及び国籍 = date of birth and nationality. 「及ぶ」「及んで」「及ばず」are verb forms, not 'and'.
Which is the correct way to join three items?
💡 Hint: 及び goes only right before the last item.
A、B及びC — the earlier items with 、, and 及び only before the last one.
Which formal wording means 'exactly these two documents (nothing else)'?
💡 Hint: や = 'and others too'.
及び = exactly these items. 「や〜など」and 「とか〜とか」are open lists (just examples), and 「なり〜なり」means 'one or the other'.
Your score: /3