Lesson 32
Notices, rules & legal style
- 1 〜ものとする ~mono to suru shall ~ (as a rule) The 'shall' of contracts and rule books — the sentence ending that lays down how things will be done.
- 2 〜とみなす ~to minasu shall be deemed / treated as ~ Whatever the reality, the rule decides: 'this will be treated as that.'
- 3 〜に係る ~ni kakaru relating to ~ (official documents) The stiff 'relating to' that labels the topic on immigration, city-office and contract papers.
- 4 ただし、〜はこの限りでない tadashi, ~ wa kono kagiri de nai however, this does not apply to ~ The exception clause right after a rule — 'in this case the rule above does not apply.'
- 5 〜こととする ~koto to suru (we) have decided to ~ (official) The official version of N3 「ことにする」— an organisation formally announcing its own decision.
- 6 〜こととなる ~koto to naru it has been decided that ~ / ~ will now happen The official version of N3 「ことになる」— 'it has been settled' in announcements, notices and the news.
- 7 〜を除き ~o nozoki except for ~ The written 「以外」of notices, weather forecasts and rules: 'apart from this, all the rest…'.
- 8 〜及び〜 ~ oyobi ~ and (in forms and rules) The 'and' of forms, rules and the news — the formal, on-paper 「と」.
- 9 〜又は〜 ~ matawa ~ or (in forms and rules) The 'or' of forms and rules — either one of the two is enough.
- 10 〜なき ~naki without ~ / with no ~ The old written form of 「ない」— it comes before a noun in announcements, headlines and slogans.
- 11 〜を禁ず ~o kinzu ~ is prohibited The stiff, old-style 'prohibited' of signs, rules and the last page of books.
Lesson check
All 11 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
🔒
「期限までに返信がない場合は、欠席＿＿。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:With no reply, the rule counts you as 'absent'.
欠席とみなします = you will be treated as absent. 「を除きます」(except) and 「を禁じます」(prohibit) make no sense here; 「に係る」needs a noun after it.
「ビザの更新＿＿書類は、2階の窓口でお受け取りください。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:'Documents relating to ~' — official language.
N + に係る + N: ビザの更新に係る書類 = documents relating to visa renewal. 「なき書類」would mean 'documents without visa renewal' — nonsense; 「を禁ず」and 「とみなす」can't come before a noun.
「館内は禁煙です。ただし、喫煙室は＿＿。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:After 「ただし」, the exception to the rule.
ただし、〜はこの限りではありません = the rule above does not apply here — smoking is allowed in the smoking room. The other forms can't follow 「喫煙室は」directly.
「（社員のメール）会社の決定により、私は4月から名古屋支店に異動する＿＿。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Did I decide, or the company?
会社の決定 → someone else decided → こととなりました. 「こととしました」= I decided (clashes with the sentence); 「ものとします」is a contract rule; 「を除きます」makes no sense.
「（賃貸契約書）賃料は、毎月25日までに支払う＿＿。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The 'shall' of contracts — a sentence ending.
Dictionary form + ものとする = a rule laid down in a contract: 支払うものとする = shall be paid. 「なき」「又は」「を除き」can't end the sentence.
「書類は、郵送＿＿オンラインのどちらかで提出してください。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:どちらか = one of the two.
又は = or (one is enough). 「及び」= both, which clashes with 「どちらか」; 「を除き」and 「なき」make no sense here.
「（店のお知らせ）大雪のため、本日は午後2時で閉店する＿＿。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The shop's own official decision.
Dictionary form + こととする (humble: ことといたします) = we have decided this. 「を禁じます」and 「に係ります」don't attach to a verb like this; 「とみなします」would give the odd meaning 'it is deemed to close'.
「お降りの際は、お忘れ物＿＿ようご注意ください。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:= お忘れ物のないよう.
なきよう = のないよう(に): お忘れ物なきよう = so that nothing is left behind. 「を禁ず」is a sign's sentence ending; 「及び」and 「を除き」+ よう don't work.
Your score: /8