Grow with Kitty

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    〜まで (~made) — even (someone / something unexpected)

    Even someone or something you never expected — 店長まで怒っていた (even the manager was angry).

    Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)

    N N(+助詞) + まで

    Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)

    When to use it

    Even the always-kind 店長 got angry today — you tell a friend: 「いつも優しい店長まで、今日は怒っていた」(even the manager, who is always kind, was angry today).

    Meaning

    「〜まで」= 'even' — the emphasis when someone or something you never expected is included too.

    How to attach

    • N + まで: 店長まで・大人まで
    • まで replaces が・を; other particles like に stay: 先生にまで笑われた
    • It often comes as 「〜だけでなく…まで」.

    Versus what you know

    • N3This is the 「まで」you learned (母まで反対した); at N2 the same まで also attaches to actions — 「〜までして」「〜てまで」.
    • N3「さえ」also gives an extreme example (ひらがなさえ読めない), but 「まで」carries more of 'it went that far?'.

    Examples (उदाहरणहरू)

    いつも優しい店長まで、今日は怒っていた。

    いつもやさしいてんちょうまで、きょうはおこっていた。

    Even the manager, who is always kind, was angry today.

    How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 店長 = an unexpected person (always gentle) → we attach 「まで」: 店長まで → then the surprising thing: 怒っていた → "even the manager?".

    子どもだけでなく、大人まで夢中になるゲームだ。

    こどもだけでなく、おとなまでむちゅうになるゲームだ。

    It's a game that hooks not just kids but even adults.

    How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 大人 = grown-ups (not who you'd expect to get hooked on a game) → we attach 「まで」: 大人まで → 「だけでなく」 in front says "not only" → then 夢中になる.

    発音を間違えて、友達だけでなく先生にまで笑われた。

    はつおんをまちがえて、ともだちだけでなくせんせいにまでわらわれた。

    I mispronounced a word and got laughed at not just by my friends but even by the teacher.

    How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 先生 = teacher → keep 「に」 (marking who does 笑われる) and attach 「まで」: 先生にまで → "even by the teacher" → then the surprising thing: 笑われた.

    Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)

    Question: 1/3

    「いつもは優しい母_、今日は怒っていた。」— fill the blank.

    💡 Hint: 'Even' — someone you didn't expect.

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