〜てまで (~te made) — going as far as ~ing
'Even doing that?' — 家族にうそをついてまで (even lying to my family).
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
When to use it
Drawing your own line: 「家族にうそをついてまで、その仕事を続けたいとは思わない」(I don't want to keep that job if it means lying to my family).
Meaning
- 「〜てまで」= 'going as far as doing that' — the feeling 'that means is too much'.
- It is used for surprise or criticism at what someone did (〜のか・〜なんて), or for 'I wouldn't go that far' (〜たいとは思わない).
How to attach
- Vて + まで: うそをついてまで・壊してまで
- After it you usually get 〜たいとは思わない・〜なんて・〜のか.
Versus what you know
- Same meaning as 「〜までして」(N + までして: 借金までして); てまで attaches to the て-form of a verb.
- The opposite of 「〜てでも」: 借金してでも買いたい = my resolve (+); 借金してまで買った = shock or disapproval (−).
Watch out
For your own strong resolve, never 「てまで」— use 「てでも」: 徹夜してでも出すつもりだ ✅, 徹夜してまで出すつもりだ ✗
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
家族にうそをついてまで、その仕事を続けたいとは思わない。
かぞくにうそをついてまで、そのしごとをつづけたいとはおもわない。
I don't want to keep that job if it means lying to my family.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) うそをつく = to tell a lie → て-form: ついて → we attach 「まで」 → then "I wouldn't go that far": 〜たいとは思わない.
体を壊してまで働く必要はない。
からだをこわしてまではたらくひつようはない。
There's no need to work so hard that you ruin your health.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 体を壊す = to ruin your health → て-form: 壊して → we attach 「まで」: going that far → then "no need": 働く必要はない.
彼は友達を裏切ってまで、出世したかったのか。
かれはともだちをうらぎってまで、しゅっせしたかったのか。
Did he want to get ahead so badly that he would even betray his friend?
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 裏切る = to betray → て-form: 裏切って → we attach 「まで」 → then 「〜のか」 shows surprise and criticism at someone else's action.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
In which sentence is 「〜てまで」unnatural?
💡 Hint: Own resolve, or surprise/criticism at someone?
〜てまで expresses surprise or criticism; for your own resolve (〜つもりだ) you need 「徹夜してでも」.
「彼は友達を_まで、出世したかったのか。」— fill the blank (going that far).
💡 Hint: Which verb form goes before まで?
Vて + まで: 裏切ってまで = going as far as betraying.
「借金してまで車を買うなんて。」— what is the speaker's feeling?
💡 Hint: てまで is always (−) — 'that far?'
〜てまで = surprise and criticism, 'going that far is too much' (−). For your own resolve (+) say 「借金してでも買いたい」.
Your score: /3