V ない-form + ないで、V2 (V-naide, V2) — Without doing ~, did ~
The pattern for saying you skipped the expected thing and did something else.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
Meaning
「〜ないで、V2」says "I did not do the first thing, and did the second one" — you skipped what you would normally do and did something else.
How to attach
It is built the same way: the ない form (ない形) + で (食べない → 食べないで).
Versus what you know
- The form is exactly the same as in the previous point; the only difference is the job it does in the sentence.
- An easy way to tell them apart: if you can swap it to the て form and the sentence still works, it is the previous point (傘を 持って ⇄ 持たないで).
- If there is no て partner, and the feeling is "this one did not happen, something else happened instead", it is this point (朝ご飯を 食べないで 行きました).
Watch out
Trap: do not use なくて here — なくて, as in 「バスが 来なくて、遅れました」, gives a reason. That is a different thing and comes in a later lesson.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
朝ご飯を 食べないで、会社へ 行きました。
あさごはんを たべないで、かいしゃへ いきました。
I went to the office without eating breakfast.
部長に 言わないで、帰りました。
ぶちょうに いわないで、かえりました。
I went home without telling the department manager.
日曜日は どこも 行かないで、うちで 休みました。
にちようびは どこも いかないで、うちで やすみました。
On Sunday I did not go anywhere and rested at home.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
Which correctly says "I went without eating breakfast"?
💡 Hint: Add で to the ない form.
食べない + で = 食べないで. なくて gives a reason, not "without doing".
Which sentence correctly says "the bus did not come, so I was late"?
💡 Hint: For a reason, drop the い of the ない form and add くて.
来ない → 来なくて. なくて gives a reason. ないで means "without doing", not a reason — as in バスに 乗らないで 歩きました. 来なくても means "even if it does not come", which does not fit here.
From 「言う」, which correctly says "without telling"?
💡 Hint: The ない form of 言う is 言わない.
言わない + で = 言わないで, as in 「部長に 言わないで、帰りました」.
Your score: /3