V て-form + V2 / V ない-form + ないで + V2 (V-te + V2 / V-naide + V2) — Doing the next thing with or without it
A pair of patterns that say what state you are in while doing the next thing.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
Meaning
- This pattern says what you do, or do not do, while carrying out the second action.
- The two are an exact pair — て form = doing it, ないで = not doing it.
- The main action is always the second verb; the first one only says what state it happens in.
How to attach
- If you do it, use the て form of the verb: 傘を 持って 出かけます (I go out taking an umbrella).
- If you do not, take the ない form (ない形) and add で: 傘を 持たないで 出かけます (I go out without taking an umbrella).
Watch out
Trap: you cannot say 持たなくて here — なくて gives a reason, not a state.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
傘を 持って 出かけます。
かさを もって でかけます。
I go out with an umbrella.
傘を 持たないで 出かけます。
かさを もたないで でかけます。
I go out without taking an umbrella.
ヘルメットを かぶって 仕事を して ください。
ヘルメットを かぶって しごとを して ください。
Please work with your helmet on.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
From 「持つ」, which correctly says "without carrying it"?
💡 Hint: Make the ない form first: 持つ → 持たない.
持たない + で = 持たないで. 持たなくて gives a reason, so it does not fit here.
Which one says "I work with a helmet on"?
💡 Hint: The て form shows the state the main action happens in.
かぶって 仕事を します = I work in the state of having the helmet on. The first verb shows how, or in what state, the second action happens. ながら is for two actions going on at the same time, and ないで gives the opposite meaning (without putting it on).
What is the opposite (without doing it) of 「めがねを かけて 運転します」?
💡 Hint: The partner of the て form is ないで.
かけて ⇄ かけないで. なくて does not fit here — it gives a reason.
Your score: /3