動詞のグループ 1・2・3 (doushi no guruupu 1 2 3) — Verb Groups 1, 2, 3
Before making the te-form, learn to sort verbs into three groups.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
When to use it
From now on, before changing a verb's form (て-form, ない-form…), you first need to know which group it belongs to — like recognizing the root of "खानु/जानु" in Nepali.
Meaning
- Group 1: the dictionary form ends in an u-sound and the ます-stem ends in い — 飲む→飲みます, 書く→書きます, 買う→買います.
- Group 2: mostly ends in いる/える and only る drops — 食べる→食べます, 見る→見ます, おきる→おきます.
- Group 3: just two irregulars — する (do) and 来る (come).
How to attach
- Quick check: look at the ます-form — an e-sound before ます means Group 2 (食べます, ねます).
- An i-sound usually means Group 1 (飲みます, 書きます).
Watch out
- Learn these Group 2 exceptions : 見ます (見る), おきます (おきる), います (いる), 着ます (きる), かります (かりる), あびます (あびる), おります (おりる), できます (できる).
- The reverse trap: かえる (帰る), はいる (入る), しる (知る) end in いる/える yet are Group 1 — かえります, はいります.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
飲む
のむ
to drink — Group 1 (u-verb)
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 飲む ──> it ends in む = an う-sound (not る) ──> Group 1 ✅ ──> ます-form 飲みます.
食べる
たべる
to eat — Group 2 (ru-verb)
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 食べる ──> it ends in べる = an える sound ──> ます-form 食べます (only る dropped) ──> Group 2 ✅.
する
suru
to do — Group 3 (irregular)
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) する ──> it doesn't follow the rules ──> します ──> Group 3 (irregular) ✅; 来る (くる) ──> 来ます (きます) is Group 3 too.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
Which of these verbs is a Group 2 verb (the iru / eru + る type)?
💡 Hint: A Group 2 verb ends in iru or eru plus る.
食べる (taberu) fits the eru + る pattern, so it is Group 2. 書く (kaku) and 飲む (nomu) end in an u-sound, so they are Group 1. する is Group 3.
Which of these verbs is a Group 1 verb (u-verb)?
💡 Hint: A Group 1 verb ends in an u-sound: く, む, す…
書く (kaku) ends in く, so it is Group 1. 見る (miru) and 寝る (neru) follow the iru / eru + る pattern, so they are Group 2. 来る (kuru) is Group 3.
Which two verbs make up Group 3 (irregular)?
💡 Hint: 'to do' and 'to come'.
Group 3 contains only する (to do) and 来る (to come).
Your score: /3