〜ては (~te wa) — if (it's like) ~, (bad result)
'If things are like this…' — a complaint that the current state of affairs leads to a bad result.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
When to use it
- A whole month of overtime until ten every night.
- Your friend says: 'With this much overtime, your body won't hold up.'
Meaning
- 「〜ては」= the complaint 'the way things are now, the result will be bad'.
- It describes the situation you are looking at right now — weather, work, noise, what someone said; 「こんなに・そんなに・あんなに・こう」often come before it.
- What follows is always a bad result: 〜できない・困る・体がもたない・無理だ.
How to attach
- Verb て-form + 「は」: 反対されては
- い-adj takes 「くては」: 多くては
- Noun or な-adj takes 「では」: 日本語だけでは
Versus what you know
- The 「〜ては〜、〜ては〜」of Lesson 6 (write, erase, write again…) is about repeated actions — this is a different, conditional 「ては」.
- N2「〜ようでは」usually criticises someone's habit or behaviour (そんなことも知らないようでは…).
Watch out
A good result or an invitation, like 'the weather is this nice, so let's go on a picnic', cannot follow.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
毎日こんなに残業が多くては、体がもたない。
まいにちこんなにざんぎょうがおおくては、からだがもたない。
With this much overtime every day, my body won't hold up.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 多い = many, a lot (い-adj) → drop 「い」 and add 「くて」: 多くて → attach 「は」 = if it's this much → then a bad result: 体がもたない = my body can't take it.
部長にあんなに反対されては、計画は進められない。
ぶちょうにあんなにはんたいされては、けいかくはすすめられない。
With the department head opposing it that strongly, the plan can't go ahead.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 反対される = to be opposed → て-form: 反対されて → 「は」 = if there's that much opposition → then a bad result: 進められない.
説明が日本語だけでは、外国人スタッフには分からない。
せつめいがにほんごだけでは、がいこくじんスタッフにはわからない。
If the explanation is only in Japanese, the foreign staff won't understand it.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 日本語だけ = only Japanese (N) → since it's an N, 「では」 = if it's only Japanese → then a bad result: 分からない.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
「隣の部屋がこんなにうるさ＿＿＿、勉強に集中できない。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint: How does an い-adj make its て-form?
い-adj: drop い and add 「くては」. うるさい → うるさくては = if it's this noisy.
In which sentence is 「ては」unnatural?
💡 Hint: Does a bad result follow, or an invitation?
Conditional ては is followed only by a bad result. Nice weather plus 'let's go' does not fit — say 「こんなに天気がいいなら」.
In which sentence does 「ては」mean 'if it's like this (bad result)'?
💡 Hint: A repeated action, or a current situation and its result?
高くては買えない = if it's this expensive, I can't buy it (condition). The other three are the 'every time / repeated' ては from Lesson 6.
Your score: /3