〜ばかりか (~bakarika) — not only… but even (surprise)
「ばかりでなく」with an 'as if that were not enough!' surprise — 「遅刻したばかりか、謝りもしなかった」.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
When to use it
- Telling the 店長 about the new part-timer: 「新しい人は遅刻したばかりか、謝りもしなかったんです」(not only did the new person come late, they did not even apologise).
- Unlike 「のみならず」it is not only written; you can say it.
Meaning
- 「ばかりか」= 'the first thing was already enough, and on top of that this too!' — surprise or complaint.
- It works for good things too: 「彼女は日本語ばかりか、英語も中国語も話せる」(not only Japanese, she can even speak English and Chinese) — an impressed surprise.
How to attach
- A noun directly: 友達ばかりか
- Verbs and い-adjectives in plain form: 遅刻したばかりか・遠いばかりか
- な-adjectives with 「な」or 「である」: 危険なばかりか
- A noun may also take 「である」.
Versus what you know
N3「〜ばかりでなく」「〜だけでなく」simply list two things calmly; 「ばかりか」has feeling — 'as if that were not enough'.
Watch out
- The second item must go further than the first (more surprising, or worse) — 'even this!' — usually with 「も」.
- No request, command or invitation (〜てください・〜ましょう) may follow — 「日本語ばかりか、英語も勉強してください」is wrong.
- 「ばかりか」only piles up facts that have happened or are true.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
彼女は日本語ばかりか、英語も中国語も話せる。
かのじょはにほんごばかりか、えいごもちゅうごくごもはなせる。
Not only Japanese — she can even speak English and Chinese.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 日本語 = Japanese (noun) → we attach 「ばかりか」 directly → then 「英語も中国語も」 — "that too, and this too!" → 話せる = she can speak.
新しいアパートは駅から遠いばかりか、家賃も高い。
あたらしいアパートはえきからとおいばかりか、やちんもたかい。
The new apartment is not only far from the station, the rent is high too.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 遠い = far (い-adj) → attach 「ばかりか」 to it as it is → then 「家賃も」 — "the rent too!" → 高い = expensive. A complaining tone.
部長は私の話を聞いてくれなかったばかりか、怒り出した。
ぶちょうはわたしのはなしをきいてくれなかったばかりか、おこりだした。
The manager not only wouldn't listen to me, but even started getting angry.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 聞いてくれる = to listen (for me) → it didn't happen, and it's in the past: 聞いてくれなかった → attach 「ばかりか」 directly → then the unexpected fact: 怒り出した = started getting angry.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
「このスマホは操作が簡単＿＿、値段も安い。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint: 簡単 is a な-adjective.
な-adj + な + ばかりか: 簡単なばかりか. (簡単であるばかりか also works.)
Which sentence is wrong?
💡 Hint: Can a request follow?
No request or command (〜てください・〜ましょう) may follow ばかりか — only facts.
「彼は手伝ってくれなかった＿、じゃまをした。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint: 'As if that were not enough!' — which one attaches to a plain-form verb?
ばかりか = not only did he not help, he even got in the way — surprise/complaint. はもとより does not attach to a verb directly; のみ and ばかりで do not make sense here.
Your score: /3