Lesson 5
Addition: Not Only… But Also
- 1 〜のみならず ~nominarazu not only… (formal) The written 「だけでなく」— 「日本のみならず海外でも」= not only in Japan but abroad too.
- 2 〜ばかりか ~bakarika not only… but even (surprise) 「ばかりでなく」with an 'as if that were not enough!' surprise — 「遅刻したばかりか、謝りもしなかった」.
- 3 〜はもとより ~wa motoyori of course… and also (formal) The formal 「はもちろん」— 「大人はもとより子どもにも」= for adults of course, and for children too.
- 4 〜上（に） ~ue (ni) on top of that (same-direction pile-up) Good on good, bad on bad — 「駅に近い上に、家賃も安い」= close to the station, and on top of that cheap.
- 5 〜に加えて ~ni kuwaete in addition to Adding onto a noun — 「家賃に加えて、保険料も」= in addition to the rent, insurance too.
- 6 〜のみ ~nomi only (written notice) The written 「だけ」— 「関係者のみ」= authorised staff only; on notices, signs and forms.
Lesson check
All 6 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
🔒
「この入口は関係者＿利用できます。」(factory notice) — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The notice-board 'only' — it limits.
N のみ = written 'only' (だけ), the word of notices and signs. のみならず is the exact opposite — 'not only', and needs an 'also' after it.
「台風で電車が止まった＿、バスも動かなかった。」(news) — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:A verb (止まった) comes before, も after.
Plain verb + のみならず = formal 'not only… also'. はもとより and に加えて attach only to nouns — 止まったはもとより is wrong.
「この工場では、作業場で＿、休憩室でも安全靴をはかなければならない。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:'In the workshop, of course' — the form that follows で.
N で + はもとより = 'there of course, and here too'; it can follow a particle. に加えて/上に cannot follow で; のみ says 'only there', clashing with でも.
「このアパートは駅に近い＿、家賃も安い。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Good piled on good — straight after an い-adjective.
い-adj + 上に = 'on top of that', both good things. 上で means 'after doing' (sequence, V-た + 上で), not addition; に加えて takes only nouns.
Heading of a company report: 「家賃＿、光熱費も値上げ」— which is the shortest written form used in headings?
💡 Hint:Straight after a noun, no emotion, 'in addition to'.
N + に加え = the short written form of に加えて (headings, reports). ばかりか carries the 'and on top of that!' feeling, not for a neutral heading; 上に cannot attach to a noun without の.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:Which direction must the two things joined by 上に go?
With 上に both items must point the same way — 近い (good) and 高い (bad) do not match; use が/けど there. 寝不足の上に熱もある is bad + bad, fine.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:What cannot follow ばかりか?
ばかりか (and 上に) cannot be followed by a request/command like 〜てください・〜ましょう — it only piles up facts. 聞いてくれなかったばかりか、怒り出した is a fact, fine.
Eating with a friend — how do you say 'the ramen of course, and the gyoza is tasty too'?
💡 Hint:Everyday matter, with a friend.
はもとより・のみならず・に加え are all formal speech/report forms; with a friend over food it is plain N3 「はもちろん」— the whole point of this lesson.
Your score: /8