Lesson 6
Topic, Basis, Trigger
- 1 〜をめぐって ~o megutte over / surrounding (dispute, debate) When many people clash over a topic — 「土地をめぐって争う」= to fight over land.
- 2 〜にかけては ~ni kakete wa when it comes to (X is unbeatable) 'When it comes to this, nobody beats them' — 「料理にかけては一番だ」= when it comes to cooking, the best.
- 3 〜にこたえて ~ni kotaete in response to (expectation, request) Doing something so that a hope or request is met — 「期待にこたえて」= living up to expectations.
- 4 〜をもとに ~o moto ni based on (as raw material / source) Making something new from a source — 「事実をもとに小説を書く」= to write a novel based on facts.
- 5 〜に基づいて ~ni motozuite based on (as standard / rule) Taking a law, data or rule as the standard — 「法律に基づいて判断する」= to judge according to the law.
- 6 〜に沿って ~ni sotte along / in line with Without straying from a line or rule — 「マニュアルに沿って」= following the manual, 「川に沿って」= along the river.
- 7 〜のもとで ~no moto de under (guidance, influence, conditions) Under someone's wing or under certain conditions — 「先生のもとで学ぶ」= to study under a teacher.
- 8 〜をきっかけに ~o kikkake ni taking ~ as the trigger 'That event is where something began' — 「アニメをきっかけに日本語を始めた」= anime got me started on Japanese.
- 9 〜を契機に ~o keiki ni taking ~ as a turning point (formal) The hard, formal 「きっかけ」— 「地震を契機に」= with the earthquake as the turning point.
- 10 助詞相当語の名詞修飾形（〜に関する N・〜に対する N・〜にとっての N・〜に沿った N・〜に伴う N・〜をめぐる N・〜という／〜との N） ~ni kansuru N / ~ni taisuru N / ~ni totte no N / ~ni sotta N / ~ni tomonau N / ~o meguru N / ~to iu (to no) N how these particle phrases modify a noun How 「〜に関して調べる」becomes 「〜に関する調査」— the three rules for putting every form in this lesson in front of a noun.
Lesson check
All 10 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
🔒
「残業代の支払い＿、社員と会社が対立している。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:What follows is 対立している — two sides in conflict.
N をめぐって = several people disputing over a topic (対立する・争う). にこたえて is only for fulfilling a request, not a dispute.
「料理の腕＿、うちの母はだれにも負けません。」— which says 'when it comes to this, she is the best'?
💡 Hint:Singling out one skill for praise.
N にかけては = 'when it comes to this skill' + praise like だれにも負けない. をめぐって is for disputes, not praise.
「お客様の声＿、この店は夜11時まで営業することにした。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The shop did something to meet what customers wanted.
声・要望・期待 + にこたえて = act to fulfil that request. をめぐって would mean 'disputing over the voices', not meeting them.
「マニュアル＿、レジの操作を覚えてください。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Work step by step without leaving the manual's line.
マニュアル・ルール + に沿って = follow that line step by step. にこたえて attaches only to words like 期待・要望, never to マニュアル.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:What kind of 'material' does をもとに take?
をもとに = only for 'thinking' material like facts, experience, ideas; a physical material like 小麦粉 takes 小麦粉で. 法律 is a standard, so 基づいて is right.
In a farewell speech — 'I learned the job under my senior's guidance and influence' (mentor above, me below) — which one?
💡 Hint:もと = 下 (under).
Person + のもとで = under that person's wing and influence (働く・学ぶ). と一緒に is side by side as equals, no above/below; をもとに・に沿って do not attach to a person.
「店長は長年の経験＿判断をした。」— which form goes directly before the noun?
💡 Hint:What follows is 判断 (a noun), not a verb.
A て-form never sits directly before a noun — verb-derived forms take 辞書形／た形: 経験に基づいた判断. をもとに would also need 'をもとにした + N'; をめぐって → をめぐる + N.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:How big must the event be for 契機?
を契機に is stiff and formal — only for big social/historical events (地震・社長就任); for a small personal thing like a cold use をきっかけに.
Your score: /8