Lesson 7
Correlation & Dependence
- 1 〜に伴って ~ni tomonatte along with / accompanying (a change or event) The formal cousin of につれて — news, notices and company language; not only for change but for whatever comes with an event.
- 2 〜次第だ ~shidai da depends on / depending on / that is how it came about After a noun 次第 = 'it depends on this'; after a verb 次第です = the polite business 'that is why'.
- 3 〜に応じて ~ni ōjite according to / in proportion to (adjusted to fit) Experience, age, budget, need — adjust to fit whatever it is; the word of job ads and shop notices.
- 4 〜につけ ~ni tsuke whenever (I see/hear) … I feel The feeling that rises every time you see or hear something — 「写真を見るにつけ、国を思い出す」(whenever I see the photo, I think of home).
- 5 〜につけ〜につけ ~ni tsuke ~ni tsuke whether … or … (always) Two opposite things paired to say 'whichever it is, always' — 「いいにつけ悪いにつけ」= whether good or bad.
- 6 〜に反して ~ni hanshite contrary to (an expectation, a rule) The exact opposite of what was predicted, hoped or ruled — the formal word that goes with 予想・期待・規則.
Lesson check
All 6 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
🔒
「会社の移転＿、通勤時間が長くなった。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:A change that came along with an event.
N に伴って = something happens along with an event/change; 移転 is an event. に応じて means 'adjusted to fit', and 移転 is not a varying factor.
「天気＿、明日の運動会は中止になるかもしれません。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:It ends in かもしれません — one of several possibilities.
N 次第では = 'depends on it, one possible outcome' → かもしれない. に応じ means someone adjusts, but 中止になる is a result decided by the weather.
「時給は経験＿決めさせていただきます。」(job ad) — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Wage matched to however much experience you have.
N に応じて = set to fit a varying factor (経験). に伴って needs a change/event on both sides, and 経験 is not one.
「国の家族の写真を見る＿、早く会いたくなる。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:'Whenever I see' + a feeling.
Dictionary form + につけ = whenever I see/hear, I feel this. に伴い needs a change/event before it, which 'looking at a photo' is not; the other two take a noun.
「予想＿、面接はとても簡単だった。」— which says 'the opposite of what I expected'?
💡 Hint:予想・期待 + the opposite result.
N に反して = contrary to 予想・期待・規則; it was easier than expected. 次第で would say 'depends on the expectation', not 'contrary to it'.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:What kind of clause follows 次第では?
次第では = one of several possibilities, so かもしれない・場合もある follows; a certainty like 「必ず合格する」does not fit. 言い方次第では…かもしれません is correct.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:What must follow につけ?
Dictionary form + につけ must be followed by a feeling (心配になる・思い出す); 'buying bread' is a plain action. Only 何かにつけて is the exception that allows a plain action.
Comparing two brothers — 'unlike his older brother, the younger one is tall' — which is right?
💡 Hint:What kind of noun does に反して take?
に反して takes only 予想・期待・規則-type nouns; to compare two people use N3's と違って. に応じて and 次第で mean 'according to / depends on', not a contrast.
Your score: /8