〜とか〔伝聞〕 (~toka) — I heard something like
Not N4's "such as" — the vague とか of "I heard something like…".
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
When to use it
It is casual, with a gossipy feel; in formal settings use 「〜ということだ」.
Meaning
- At N3, a sentence-final 「〜とか」is different — vague hearsay, "I heard something like this, but I'm not sure": 「新しい店長は厳しいとか」= the new manager is strict, or so I hear.
- It is less certain and lighter than 「〜そうだ」.
How to attach
It also appears in 「〜とか言っていた」and 「〜とか聞いた」.
Versus what you know
N4「〜とか」listed examples (「りんごとかバナナとか」).
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
新しい店長は、厳しいとか。
あたらしいてんちょうは、きびしいとか。
The new manager is strict, or so I hear.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 厳しい is an い-adj → attach とか straight to it → the feeling is 'not sure, but that's what I heard'.
田中さん、来月国に帰るとか言っていた。
たなかさん、らいげつくににかえるとかいっていた。
Tanaka was saying something about going home next month.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 帰る is the plain form → とか → 言っていた → something heard vaguely.
あの店、今週は休みだとか。
あのみせ、こんしゅうはやすみだとか。
I hear that shop is closed this week.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 休み is a noun → keep だ and add とか → 休みだとか.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
「来週、テストがある＿。」— "I heard something like that"?
💡 Hint: Vague hearsay.
Plain form + とか = or so I hear.
How does it differ from N4's 「〜とか」?
💡 Hint: In N4 it listed examples.
N4 = examples; N3 = sentence-final vague hearsay.
How does its certainty compare with 「〜そうだ」?
💡 Hint: "Something like that."
とか is vaguer and lighter; そうだ is clear hearsay.
Your score: /3