N1は N2に + 受身形 (N1 wa N2 ni + ukemikei) — Someone did it to me
The person who does it takes に, the person it happens to takes は.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
The basic passive pattern is N1(person) は N2(person) に + 受身形. N1 is the one it happens to, N2 is the one who does it — 私は 課長に ほめられました. The 「私は」is usually dropped. Turning a normal sentence around, the が subject becomes に: 課長が 私を ほめました → 私は 課長に ほめられました. When a part of your body or something of yours is affected, you keep it with を: N1は N2に N3を + 受身形 — 私は 弟に ケーキを 食べられました. The を thing does not become the subject; 私 stays the subject. This second pattern usually carries a "it troubled me" feeling — Japanese calls it 迷惑の受身 — so do not use it for happy news.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
私は 課長に ほめられました。
watashi wa kachou ni homeraremashita.
I was praised by the section chief.
弟に ケーキを 食べられました。
otouto ni keeki o taberaremashita.
My little brother ate my cake on me.
電車で 知らない 人に 足を 踏まれました。
densha de shiranai hito ni ashi o fumaremashita.
On the train a stranger stepped on my foot.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
Question: 1/3Which is 「母が 私を しかりました」put into the passive?
💡 Hint: が becomes に, and 私 becomes the subject.
母が → 母に, 私を → 私は, しかりました → しかられました.
「だれかに 財布 盗まれました」— what goes in the blank?
💡 Hint: Something of yours was affected.
N1は N2に N3を + passive. 財布を stays as it is, the subject is still 私.
Which sentence carries the feeling "the rain got me and it was a nuisance"?
💡 Hint: The 迷惑の受身 — the side that affects you is marked with に.
雨に 降られました says the rain caused you trouble. 雨が 降りました is just a neutral fact. 雨が 降られました is wrong — it needs に.
Your score: /3