自動詞 と 他動詞 (jidoushi to tadoushi) — Verbs that happen by themselves, and verbs someone does
Just like खुल्नु / खोल्नु in Nepali — Japanese has the same pairs.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
N + が + 自動詞
N + を + 他動詞
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
When to use it
When you do not need to say who did it, use the 自動詞.
Meaning
- Many Japanese verbs come in pairs.
- 自動詞 = something happens by itself, with が — ドアが 開きます (the door opens).
- 他動詞 = someone does it to something, with を — ドアを 開けます (I open the door).
- The rule is simple — が with 自動詞, を with 他動詞.
Also
- This is easy for Nepali speakers, because Nepali has exactly the same pairs: खुल्नु / खोल्नु, बन्द हुनु / बन्द गर्नु, रोकिनु / रोक्नु, बल्नु / बाल्नु.
- This point is the base for everything else in this lesson, so get it straight first.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
ドアが 開きます。
ドアが あきます。
The door opens.
私が ドアを 開けます。
わたしが ドアを あけます。
I open the door.
電気が 消えました。
でんきが きえました。
The light went out.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
Question: 1/3
Which particle goes with a 自動詞?
💡 Hint: ドア 開きます.
自動詞 = happens by itself, takes が. 他動詞 = someone does it, takes を.
Which Japanese verb matches Nepali "खोल्नु" (to open something)?
💡 Hint: Something a person does.
खुल्नु = 開きます (自動詞). खोल्नु = 開けます (他動詞).
「窓 閉めました」— which particle goes in the blank?
💡 Hint: 閉めます is something a person does.
閉めます is a 他動詞, so it takes を. With 閉まります (自動詞) it would be 「窓が 閉まりました」.
Your score: /3