自他動詞の ペア (jitadoushi no pea) — The pairs you meet most often
Learn these pairs first — the rest come on their own later.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
You do not have to learn every pair at once. Start with the ones you meet daily. **開く／開ける** open. **閉まる／閉める** close. **止まる／止める** stop. **つく／つける** switch on. **消える／消す** go out / turn off. **入る／入れる** go in / put in. **出る／出す** come out / take out. A handy memory trick: most 他動詞 have an **え** sound in them — 開**け**る, 閉**め**る, 止**め**る, 入**れ**る. It does not always hold (消す has none), but it works often enough to help.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
電車が 止まりました。
densha ga tomarimashita.
The train stopped.
機械を 止めて ください。
kikai o tomete kudasai.
Please stop the machine.
部屋の 電気を つけました。
heya no denki o tsukemashita.
I switched on the light in the room.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
Question: 1/3What is the 他動詞 partner of 「閉まる」?
💡 Hint: Look for the え sound.
閉まる (to close, by itself) ↔ 閉める (to close something).
Which sound do most 他動詞 have?
💡 Hint: 開ける, 閉める, 止める, 入れる.
The え sound turns up in many 他動詞. Not always — 消す has none.
Which correctly says "the train stopped"?
💡 Hint: Nobody stopped it.
It stopped by itself → 自動詞 止まる with が. 電車を 止めました would mean "I stopped the train".
Your score: /3