Grow with Kitty

丁寧形と普通形 (teineikei to futsuukei) — Polite form vs. Plain form

When to use です/ます and when to use plain form — the two registers.

Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)

Verb Vます → V辞書形
い-adj い-adj [です]
な-adj な-adj [です] + だ
N N [です] + だ

Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)

When to use it

  • 丁寧形 (polite form): です/ます — with strangers, customers, bosses, teachers.
  • 普通形 (plain form): with friends, family, juniors, and in diaries or social media.

Meaning

In Nepali we distinguish "तपाईं खानुहुन्छ" from "तँ खान्छस्" — Japanese likewise says the same thing in two styles.

How to attach

  • The 辞書形 (食べる), ない-form (食べない) and た-form (食べた) you already know are the plain forms.
  • With nouns / な-adjectives だ replaces です: 学生です ──> 学生だ.

Also

The coming lessons (と思います, とき…) need this plain form, so learn this lesson well.

Examples (उदाहरणहरू)

私は学生だ。

わたしはがくせいだ。

I am a student. (です → だ)

How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 私は学生です (polite) ──> [ - ❌ です ] ──> [ + だ ✅ ] ──> 私は学生だ (plain: I am a student).

ごはんを食べる。

ごはんをたべる。

I eat rice. (食べます → 食べる)

How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) ごはんを食べます (polite) ──> [ - ❌ ます ] ──> [ + る ✅ ] ──> ごはんを食べる (plain: I eat rice).

この本は高い。

このほんはたかい。

This book is expensive. (高いです → 高い)

How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) この本は高いです (polite) ──> [ - ❌ です ] ──> この本は高い (plain: this book is expensive) — an い-adj takes no だ.

Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)

Question: 1/3

What is the plain form of 「食べます」?

💡 Hint: Drop ます and use the dictionary form.

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