[普通形] + 名詞 ([futsuukei] + meishi) — clause + noun (that describes it)
Describe a noun by putting a whole clause in front of it.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
Meaning
- "The book I bought yesterday" — in Nepali too the describing part (हिजो किनेको) comes before the noun, and Japanese is exactly the same: きのう買った本.
- Unlike English (the book I bought), Nepali and Japanese agree here, which makes it easy for you.
How to attach
One rule: the describing verb is in plain form (買った, 話す) — 買いました本 ❌.
Versus what you know
Just like 大きい犬 (adjective + noun) in Lesson 8, only now a whole clause sits where the adjective was.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
きのう買った本はおもしろいです。
きのうかったほんはおもしろいです。
The book I bought yesterday is interesting.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) きのう買いました ──> plain きのう買った (bought yesterday) ──> [ + 本 ] ──> きのう買った本 ──> [ + はおもしろいです ] ──> The book I bought yesterday is interesting.
日本語を話す人は先生です。
にほんごをはなすひとはせんせいです。
The person who speaks Japanese is a teacher.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 日本語を話します ──> plain 日本語を話す (who speaks Japanese) ──> [ + 人 ] ──> 日本語を話す人 ──> [ + は先生です ] ──> The person who speaks Japanese is a teacher.
これは母がつくったケーキです。
これはははがつくったケーキです。
This is the cake my mother made.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 母がつくりました ──> plain 母がつくった (that my mother made) ──> [ + ケーキ ] ──> 母がつくったケーキ ──> これは〜です.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
How do you write "the book I bought yesterday"?
💡 Hint: The describing clause comes before the noun.
The plain past 買った sits directly before the noun 本.
Which is correct for "the person who speaks Japanese"?
💡 Hint: Plain-form verb, then the noun.
話す (plain) precedes 人; the polite 話します is not used inside the clause.
Fill the blank: これは母___つくったケーキです。
💡 Hint: Which particle marks the subject inside the clause?
Inside a modifying clause the subject is marked with が, not は.
Your score: /3