TimeまでにV (Time made ni V) — by (a deadline)
Marking a deadline.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
Meaning
までに = "by …", meaning the action must be finished before that time arrives: 5時までにかえります (I will be back by five).
How to attach
It works with days and dates too: きんようびまでに (by Friday).
Versus what you know
- Keep it apart from まで (until) of Lesson 4.
- 5時まではたらきます = I work continuously until five (a span).
- 5時までにかえります = I return at some point before the five o'clock mark (a deadline).
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
5時までにかえります。
ごじまでにかえります。
I'll go home by 5 o'clock.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) 5時 ──> deadline ➔ [ + までに ] ──> 5時までに (by 5 o'clock) ──> [ + かえります ] ──> I'll go home by 5 o'clock.
きんようびまでに本をかえしてください。
きんようびまでにほんをかえしてください。
Please return the book by Friday.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) きんようび (Friday) ──> [ + までに ] ──> きんようびまでに ──> [ + 本をかえしてください ] ──> Please return the book by Friday.
にちようびまでにしゅくだいをします。
nichiyoubi made ni shukudai o shimasu.
I'll do the homework by Sunday.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) にちようび (Sunday) ──> [ + までに ] ──> にちようびまでに ──> [ + しゅくだいをします ] ──> I'll do the homework by Sunday.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
Which correctly says 'I'll go home by 5'?
💡 Hint: deadline = made ni
Use までに for a deadline — 5時までにかえります.
'Return it by Friday' — まで or までに?
💡 Hint: one-time action = made ni
A one-time action's deadline = までに: きんようびまでにかえしてください.
Which word marks a deadline ('by ~')?
💡 Hint: made + ni
までに = deadline (by); まで = until (continuous).
Your score: /3