〜が（文の中） (~ ga (inside a clause)) — subject が inside a clause
The doer inside a clause takes が.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
Meaning
- The subject in the small clause joined by とき or と takes が: ともだちが来るとき (when my friend comes), 雨がふると (when it rains).
- は is the "as for" of the whole sentence — the big topic; a subject inside a small clause does not have that status, so が.
Versus what you know
In Lesson 22 we learned the subject inside a describing clause takes が — the same holds here.
Watch out
Easy rule: inside とき／と／noun-describing clauses, は ❌, が ✅.
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
ともだちが来るとき、へやをそうじします。
ともだちがくるとき、へやをそうじします。
When my friend comes, I clean the room.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) The small sentence: ともだち + 来る ──> the subject inside it ➔ [ は ❌ ] [ + が ✅ ] ──> ともだちが来る ──> [ + とき ] ──> [ + 、へやをそうじします ] ──> When my friend comes, I clean the room.
先生が話すとき、みんな聞きます。
せんせいがはなすとき、みんなききます。
When the teacher speaks, everyone listens.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) The small sentence: 先生 + 話す ──> [ + が ✅ ] ──> 先生が話す ──> [ + とき ] ──> [ + 、みんな聞きます ] ──> When the teacher speaks, everyone listens.
雨がふると、みちがぬれます。
あめがふると、みちがぬれます。
When it rains, the road gets wet.
How it is built (कसरी बन्यो) The small sentence: 雨 + ふる ──> [ + が ✅ ] ──> 雨がふる ──> [ + と ] ──> [ + 、みちがぬれます ] ──> When it rains, the road gets wet.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
'When my friend comes' — which particle on the clause subject?
💡 Hint: The subject inside the clause takes が.
Inside the とき-clause use ともだちが, not は.
'When the teacher speaks, everyone listens' — which is correct?
💡 Hint: The one speaking (先生) takes が.
The clause subject → が: 先生が話すとき.
'When it rains, the road gets wet' — which is right?
💡 Hint: Inside a と-clause the subject also takes が.
雨がふると = when it rains; the subject takes が.
Your score: /3