Lesson 10
Concession (2)
- 1 〜にもかかわらず ~ni mo kakawarazu in spite of / despite The formal, written のに — for speeches, news and reports.
- 2 〜ものの ~mono no although it is true that… (the expected result did not follow) 'I did, but…' — the けど that admits the fact and then says it did not go as expected.
- 3 〜とはいうものの ~to wa iu mono no they say ~, but / granted ~, but 'So they say, but…' — 「春とはいうものの、まだ寒い」(they call it spring, but it is still cold).
- 4 〜とはいいながら ~to wa iinagara although ~ is so, still 'That is so, and yet…' — 「教師とはいいながら、生徒に教えられることが多い」(I may be a teacher, yet I learn a lot from my students).
- 5 〜つつも ~tsutsu mo while (knowing / thinking) ~, one still does otherwise The mind says one thing, the hands do another — the ながらも of 'even though I know'.
- 6 〜からといって ~kara to itte just because ~, (it doesn't mean) 'Just because' — the から that rejects a reason as not enough.
- 7 〜くせして ~kuse shite even though (critical, spoken) The even more casual, even more annoyed form of N3's くせに.
Lesson check
All 7 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
🔒
「本日は雨＿、多くの方に来ていただき、ありがとうございます。」(manager's speech) — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:A formal speech, thanking people for coming 'in spite of'.
N にもかかわらず = formal 'despite' for speeches and news. くせして is an insult and never used of weather; からといって needs a negation after it.
「日本語の本を買った＿、忙しくてまだ開いていない。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:'I did buy it, but still haven't…'
Plain form + ものの = admit the fact, but the expected result did not follow (まだ〜ていない). からといって needs 'doesn't mean'; つつ needs the ます-stem (買い).
「体に悪いと知り＿、毎晩カップラーメンを食べている。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The verb before the blank is 知り (ます-stem).
ます-stem + つつ = 'while knowing, I still…' (mental verb 知る). ものの, にもかかわらず and からといって all attach to the plain form (知っている), never to the stem.
「値段が安い＿、品質が悪いとは限らない。」— which says 'just because it is cheap'?
💡 Hint:What follows is 〜とは限らない.
Plain form + からといって = 'just because', followed by partial negation (とは限らない・わけではない). にもかかわらず/ものの contrast two facts; they do not make the 'doesn't necessarily mean' argument.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:What kind of clause cannot follow にもかかわらず?
にもかかわらず cannot be followed by volition or a proposal (〜よう・〜ましょう), only by an established fact; say 疲れていても for 'even though tired, let's sleep'.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:Who can くせして be said about?
くせして is a spoken put-down; it clashes with respect for the 店長 (お忙しい・くださった) — use お忙しいにもかかわらず there.
Your little brother can't do it himself yet nags about how you do it — how do you say 'even though you can't' in anger?
💡 Hint:A family quarrel, with anger in it.
Plain form + くせして = 'even though' with anger/contempt, spoken to friends and juniors. にもかかわらず is formal and neutral, carrying no anger; ものの is a calm 'true, but'.
'They call it a long holiday, but I can't get off the convenience store shift' — 「連休＿、コンビニのバイトは休めない」— which form gives the 'so they say, but…' feel?
💡 Hint:A noun (連休) + 'so it is called'.
N + とはいうものの = 'so-called, but' — accepts the label, then says reality differs. にもかかわらず is only a formal 'despite' with no 'so they say' feel; くせして is for people only.
Your score: /8