N や N (N ya N) — things such as A and B
Lists examples, implying 'and others too'.
Formula (सूत्र ढाँचा)
Grammar rule (व्याकरण नियम र परिभाषा)
「〜や〜」makes a list but implies 'not only these — there are others too', i.e. giving examples. と gives a complete list ('only these'), while や gives a partial list. e.g. つくえの 上に 本や ペンが あります (tsukue no ue ni hon ya pen ga arimasu) = 'On the desk there are things such as a book and a pen.'
Examples (उदाहरणहरू)
つくえの 上に 本や ペンが あります。
tsukue no ue ni hon ya pen ga arimasu.
On the desk there are things such as a book and a pen.
へやに テレビや いすが あります。
heya ni terebi ya isu ga arimasu.
In the room there are things such as a TV and a chair.
かばんの 中に ノートや かぎが あります。
kaban no naka ni nooto ya kagi ga arimasu.
In the bag there are things such as a notebook and a key.
Knowledge check (मिनी ज्ञान जाँच)
Question: 1/3Fill: 本＿ ペンが あります。('There are things such as a book and a pen')
💡 Hint: A partial list (etc.).
本や ペン = things such as a book and a pen.
Which particle gives a partial list ('etc.'), not a complete one?
💡 Hint: An example list.
や = a partial list (etc.); と = a complete list.
Which sentence means 'In the room there are a TV, a chair and other things too'?
💡 Hint: や = a partial list (etc.).
や shows the list is partial — a TV, a chair and more. と means only those two, か means 'or', and の would mean 'the TV's chair'.
Your score: /3