Lesson 9
Doing on the side; purpose & means
- 1 〜がてら ~gatera while out doing ~, also … Going out for a walk or an errand and getting a second thing done on the same trip — two birds, one stone.
- 2 〜かたがた ~katagata combining ~ with (a visit) — formal Visiting someone and, on the same visit, giving thanks, greetings or a report — the language of business manners.
- 3 〜かたわら ~katawara alongside (one's main job) ~, also Someone who keeps a main job or study going and, over a long time, does something else on the side.
- 4 〜べく ~beku in order to ~ (written) The stiff, written 「ために」— news, speeches and reports use it to say 'this step was taken to reach this goal'.
- 5 〜んがため ~n ga tame (determined) in order to ~, at any cost A fierce will to reach one big goal, whatever it takes — sometimes with the criticism 'only for that'.
- 6 〜ことのないよう（に） ~koto no nai yō (ni) so that ~ does not happen (formal) The formal 「ないように」— the language of notices, office mail and apologies.
- 7 〜をもって ~o motte by means of / with ~ (formal) The other meaning of lesson 3's 「をもって」(date) — a formal 「で」: 'by this means, method or quality'.
- 8 〜をもってすれば ~o motte sureba with ~, even (something hard) is possible A formal way to praise the great power of someone's ability or a technology: 'with that, it can be done'.
- 9 〜をもってしても ~o motte shite mo even with ~, (still) not possible 'Even that great power couldn't do it' — news and essay language that shows how hard something is.
- 10 〜をかねて ~o kanete also serving as ~ / combined with ~ One action, two purposes — planned from the start so that doing this also covers that.
Lesson check
All 10 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
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「近所のスーパーへの買い物＿＿＿、公園をひと回りしてきた。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Two jobs on one outing, in everyday speech.
買い物がてら = while out shopping. かたわら is for a long-term main job; べく attaches to verbs.
「本日は、先日のお礼＿＿＿ご挨拶に参りました。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:A formal visit, with a courtesy noun like お礼.
お礼かたがた = also to give thanks (formal). かたわら is two long-term activities; んがため attaches to verbs only.
「彼は病院に勤める＿＿＿、休日には山岳ガイドもしている。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Main job + a long-term side activity; after the dictionary form.
Dictionary form + かたわら = alongside the main job. がてら needs the ます-stem; をかねて attaches to nouns only.
「両社は問題を早く解決＿＿＿、話し合いを重ねている。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:'In order to solve it quickly' — news language.
解決すべく = in order to solve (する → すべく). ことのないよう would mean 'so that it is not solved' — the opposite.
「家族を守ら＿＿＿、彼は危険な仕事も引き受けた。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:守ら — it is the ない-form minus ない.
Vない minus ない + んがため: 守らんがため = just to protect the family. With べく it would be 「守るべく」.
「お客様の個人情報が外部に漏れる＿＿＿、管理を徹底いたします。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:A leak is bad — so that it does not happen.
漏れることのないよう = so that it does not leak (formal). べく would mean 'in order to leak' — the opposite.
「最新の技術＿＿＿、この謎はまだ解明されていない。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:A negative result follows: まだ解明されていない.
をもってしても = even with that technology (it failed). Only a positive possibility follows をもってすれば.
「選考の結果は、来週中に書面＿＿＿お知らせいたします。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:書面 is a means; the formal 「で」, 'in writing'.
書面をもって = in writing. をかねて would make it 'also serving as a document', which makes no sense.
Your score: /8