Lesson 11
Topic & Standpoint
- 1 〜について ~ni tsuite about / concerning Marking the subject you talk, ask or write about.
- 2 〜に関して・に関する ~ni kanshite / ni kansuru regarding The formal sibling of 「について」— the language of documents, meetings and email.
- 3 〜にとって ~ni totte for / from the standpoint of Whose eyes you are looking through — who the judgment is for.
- 4 〜として ~to shite as / in the role of In what role or capacity — "as a student", "as a gift".
- 5 〜に対して ~ni taishite toward / whereas Who an attitude is aimed at — or how two things stand opposite.
- 6 〜によると・によれば ~ni yoru to / ni yoreba according to Where the news came from — naming your source.
Lesson check
All 6 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
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「暑い国から来た私＿、日本の冬はとても寒い。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Through whose eyes is it "very cold"?
N + にとって = from whose standpoint (a judgment). について marks a topic, として a role, によると a source.
「アルバイトのリーダー＿、新人に仕事を教えている。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:In what role?
N + として = "as, in the role of". にとって is followed by a judgment, not an action; に対して means "toward".
「兄は背が高いの＿、弟は低い。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Setting two people side by side as opposites.
Adj/V + の + に対して = "whereas" (opposite contrast). にとって shows a standpoint, について only a topic.
「ニュース＿、来月から電車の料金が上がるそうだ。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The sentence ends in 〜そうだ — where did the news come from?
N + によると … そうだ = "according to … , apparently". について means "about", not a source.
「ビザ＿質問は、こちらの窓口へどうぞ。」(city-hall sign) — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:A noun (質問) follows, and the notice is formal.
N + に関する + N = "regarding" (formal). Before a noun に対して must become に対する; によれば is a source.
Chatting with a friend — the most natural way to say "let's talk about yesterday's movie"?
💡 Hint:With a friend, everyday talk.
With a friend, plain について. に関して is the formal language of documents, meetings and email, and sounds odd in a chat with a friend; にとって and として don't mean "about".
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:What has to come after にとって?
にとって must be followed by a judgment such as hard, important or fun — not an action like 話した.
「来週の会議＿、ご連絡いたします。」(work email) — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The formal "about" of business email.
N + に関して = the formal について, used in email and meetings. として marks a role, によれば a source.
Your score: /8