Lesson 12
Basis, Range & Substitution
- 1 〜とおり・どおり ~toori / ~doori exactly as Just as it was said, just as it was planned — exactly so.
- 2 〜から〜にかけて ~kara ~ni kakete from ~ through ~ Not an exact start and end — a stretch that spreads across.
- 3 〜において ~ni oite in / at (formal) The formal 「で」— the language of speeches, notices and documents.
- 4 〜向け・向き ~muke / ~muki aimed at / suited to Deliberately made for them, or simply happening to suit them.
- 5 〜かわりに・にかわって ~kawari ni / ni kawatte instead of / on behalf of One thing in another's place — swapping a thing, a task or a person.
- 6 〜に比べて ~ni kurabete compared to Measuring one against another — "this, next to that".
- 7 〜はもちろん…も ~wa mochiron ...mo not to mention ~, also "That goes without saying — but this too!"
Lesson check
All 7 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
🔒
「説明書に書いてある＿、やってください。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:What you do has to match what is written.
書いてある + とおりに = "exactly as written". かわりに means "instead", 向けに "made for someone"; に比べて needs の after a verb.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:What kind of time span does から〜にかけて take?
から〜にかけて is for a loose, spread-out stretch; for an exact 3-to-4 slot use から〜まで.
「今夜から明日の朝＿、強い雨が降るでしょう。」(weather forecast) — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:There's a から before it — a stretch of time.
N1 から N2 にかけて = "from … through …" (a spread-out range). において marks a place, に比べて a comparison.
「卒業式は、大学のホール＿行われます。」(university notice) — fill the blank.
💡 Hint:The formal 「で」 of official notices.
N + において = the formal 「で」 (where an event takes place). にかけて marks a spread-out range (から〜にかけて), not the venue of an event; 向けに means "made for".
「これは子ども＿に作られた本です。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:作られた — who was it deliberately made for?
N + 向け(に) = deliberately made for that group (向き only means "suited to": この本は初心者向きだ). のかわりに means "instead of" and どおり "exactly as"; において can't take another に.
「今日は店長＿、私が会議に出ます。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Someone else in the manager's place.
N + にかわって = "on behalf of, in place of". に比べて compares; どおりに means "exactly as".
「去年＿、今年の夏は涼しい。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Comparing two summers.
N + に比べて = "compared to". にかけて marks a range (から〜にかけて), not a comparison; にかわって means "in place of".
「この店は、味＿、店員さんの態度もいい。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Note the 「も」 later — "that, of course, and this too".
N1 はもちろん、N2 も = "not to mention N1, N2 too". に比べて compares and のかわりに means "instead" — neither gives "that, and this too".
Your score: /8