Lesson 8
Imperative, Prohibitive & Reporting Speech
- 1 命令形（1グループ） meireikei (1 guruupu) Imperative form — Group 1 The blunt order form, seen on signs and warnings — Group 1.
- 2 命令形（2グループ） meireikei (2 guruupu) Imperative form — Group 2 The blunt order form, seen on signs and warnings — Group 2.
- 3 命令形（3グループ） meireikei (3 guruupu) Imperative form — Group 3 (irregular) Only two verbs, and no rule applies — you memorise them.
- 4 禁止形（V 辞書形 + な） kinshikei (V jishokei + na) Prohibitive form — do not do it Add な to the dictionary form to make a hard "do not do it".
- 5 命令形・禁止形の 使い方 meireikei / kinshikei no tsukaikata Where these forms are actually used These forms are for reading — not for speaking at work.
- 6 V ます-form + なさい V-masu + nasai The instruction form Softer than the imperative, harder than てください — the instruction form.
- 7 〜と 読みます／書いて あります ~to yomimasu / kaite arimasu It reads ~ / it is written ~ Three patterns for reading something written, reporting it, and saying what it means.
- 8 普通形 + と 言って いました futsuukei + to itte imashita He / she was saying that ~ The pattern for passing on what someone else said.
- 9 普通形 + と 伝えて いただけませんか futsuukei + to tsutaete itadakemasen ka Could you please pass on that ~? The polite way to get a message to your boss through someone else.