Grow with Kitty

Type in Japanese, kana, romaji or English. Every word and grammar point from N5 to N1.

    25

    Lesson 25

    Text-Grammar Tables + N3 Forms in Their N2 Context

    1. 1 副詞と文末の呼応 fukushi to bunmatsu no koō adverbs that fix the sentence ending The opening adverb decides the ending — 決して → ない, どうやら → ようだ, いったい → か.
    2. 2 決まった文末をとる表現 kimatta bunmatsu o toru hyōgen expressions that fix the sentence ending なぜなら → からである, 〜かというと → そんなことはない, 〜には → が必要だ — five opener-ending pairs.
    3. 3 接続表現の整理 setsuzoku hyōgen no seiri connectives by job しかも・ところが・つまり・さて — thirty connectives, sorted into four jobs.
    4. 4 硬い表現 ↔ 日常表現 katai hyōgen ↔ nichijō hyōgen formal ↔ everyday equivalents 〜のみならず ↔ 〜だけじゃなくて, 〜おそれがある ↔ 〜かもしれない — one text, one style.
    5. 5 〜たきり ~ta kiri nothing since ~ / only ~ 「会ったきり連絡がない」— it happened once and nothing since.
    6. 6 〜ものだから ~mono da kara because ~ (polite excuse) The excuse you can say to the manager or a customer — 「電車が止まったものですから」.
    7. 7 〜に対して[対比] ~ni taishite [contrast] whereas / in contrast to Two sides set against each other — 「兄は…のに対して、弟は…」— the language of graphs and reports.
    8. 8 〜うちに[変化] ~uchi ni [change] while doing ~, a change came about 「話しているうちに眠くなった」— while doing it, without noticing, something changed.
    9. 9 〜といえば[譲歩] ~to ieba [concession] granted… but 「便利といえば便利だが…」— yes, granted, but… — repeat the word to concede only halfway.
    10. 10 〜ことは〜が ~koto wa ~ga it is ~, granted, but… Repeat the word to concede only halfway — 行ったことは行ったが、覚えていない (I did go, but I don't remember it).
    11. 11 〜ながら[前置き] ~nagara [preface] regrettably / with respect / if I may (fixed openers) Ready-made openers before bad news or a request — 「残念ながら」「勝手ながら」— the language of work mail.

    Lesson check

    All 11 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.

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