Lesson 23
Bonus A — Time, Condition, Change
- 1 〜中（ちゅう／じゅう） ~chuu / ~juu during / throughout One kanji, two readings, two meanings — "during the meeting" and "all day long".
- 2 〜ごとに ~goto ni every / each Repeating at a measured interval — every three months, every station.
- 3 〜ぶりに ~buri ni for the first time in Again after a long gap — "home for the first time in three years".
- 4 〜と同時に ~to douji ni at the same time as Two things at the very same instant — the bell rang, the door opened.
- 5 〜かと思うと・かと思ったら ~ka to omou to / ka to omottara no sooner ~ than "I thought he'd gone to sleep — he's up again" — the next thing before the first has sunk in.
- 6 〜と…た・〜たら…た〔発見〕 ~to ...ta / ~tara ...ta when I did ~, I found A special use of N4's と／たら — what you found or what happened when you did it.
- 7 もし〜としても moshi ~to shite mo even supposing "Even if we suppose that" — hypothesis and concession together.
- 8 〜も…ば〜も ~mo ...ba ~mo both ~ and ~ Two things at once — "speaks English, and Chinese too".
- 9 万一・万が一〜たら／ても man'ichi / manga'ichi ~tara / temo in the unlikely event "One in ten thousand" — it probably won't, but just in case.
- 10 〜ものだ ~mono da that's how it is / one should "That's just how people are" — the way of the world and general norms.
- 11 〜ようになっている ~you ni natte iru is set up so that Machines, systems, rules — "it's designed to do this".
- 12 〜のだから ~no da kara since (obviously) "You know this too, so…" — a reason both of you already know.
- 13 〜ばかりに ~bakari ni just because (bad result) That one thing ruined everything — a cause you regret.
Lesson check
All 13 forms of this lesson together — pick the right one from its look-alikes, the way the exam does. 6/8 completes the lesson.
🔒
「昨日、3年＿家族に会えて、とてもうれしかった。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Again after a long gap — a one-off.
Period + ぶりに = for the first time in…. ごとに ("every three years") is a repeating pattern, not one event yesterday.
「明日は試験＿、今夜は早く寝なさい。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:A reason you both know, then an order.
Noun + なのだから = "it's ~, you know, so…" — a shared reason. ばかりに explains a bad outcome and can't lead into an order.
「このドアは、前に立つと自動で開く＿。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:This is about how one particular door is built.
Dictionary form + ようになっている = it's set up to do this. ものだ states a general truth, not how one door works.
「ベルが鳴る＿、みんな教室を出た。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:At the very same instant.
Dictionary form + と同時に = at the same moment as. In its "no sooner … than" sense かと思うと needs the た-form, and ばかりに is only for bad results.
「赤ちゃんは寝た＿、すぐにまた泣き出した。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:Before you could even think "asleep"…
た-form + かと思ったら = no sooner had ~ than…. と同時に says both happened at the same instant, but すぐにまた says the crying came after the sleep.
「仕事から家に帰っ＿、国から母が来ていた。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:What did I find when I got home?
Vたら、…ていた = when I did ~, I found…. ても means "even if", and たばかりに blames a bad outcome — my mother arriving isn't one.
「もし試験に合格した＿、勉強は続けるつもりだ。」— fill the blank.
💡 Hint:もし — a supposition, followed by "still".
もし〜としても = even supposing. のだから is for a known fact, so it can't go with もし.
Which sentence is unnatural?
💡 Hint:What kind of result follows ばかりに?
〜ばかりに is only followed by a bad result, never a win.
Your score: /8